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Arrange students in groups of 2. Provide tools for creating a visual display.
After students have completed the first three problems, select previously identified groups to share their solutions. Bring out why these solutions are particularly good (for example, greater clarity or efficiency), and discuss the connections between them, particularly the connections between groups that did and did not use systems of equations where possible. Next, have students begin the second part of the activity, in which they write their own problem to trade with another group.
Solve each problem. Explain or show your reasoning.
If students struggle to write a system of equations, ask them to identify any unknown quantities in the problem and assign variables to them. Then ask them if there are ways to describe the relationships between the variables. If students still struggle to think about the relationships, ask them about some possible values for each of the variables, including some that make sense (such as 20 grapefruits) and some that do not (such as 1,000 grapefruits). To help students understand the relationships between variables, have them explain why some values are not possible.
Most of the discussions happen within and between groups, but the last question requires a whole-class discussion. Have each group share the peer-generated question that they were assigned and its solution. Although the group that wrote the question will be responsible for confirming the answer, encourage all students to listen to the reasoning that each group used.
Alternatively, after groups have checked the work of the group that solved their problem, have students complete a gallery walk to see all the created problems. Ask students to look for situations similar to theirs and to identify the most common solution methods used. After the gallery walk, select a few groups to share a problem and how they solved it.