Kiran is getting dinner for his drama club on the evening of their final rehearsal. The budget for dinner is $60.
Kiran plans to buy some prepared dishes from a supermarket. The prepared dishes are sold by the pound, at $5.29 a pound. He also plans to buy two large bottles of sparkling water at $2.49 each.
Represent the constraints in the situation mathematically. If you use variables, specify what each one means.
How many pounds of prepared dishes can Kiran buy? Explain or show your reasoning.
3.2
Activity
Gasoline in the Tank
Standards Alignment
Building On
Addressing
A-CED.1
Create equations and inequalities in one variable including ones with absolute value and use them to solve problems. Include equations arising from linear and quadratic functions, and simple rational and exponential functions.
Represent constraints by equations or inequalities, and by systems of equations and/or inequalities, and interpret solutions as viable or nonviable options in a modeling context. For example, represent inequalities describing nutritional and cost constraints on combinations of different foods.
Andre and Priya used different strategies to solve the following inequality but reached the same solution.
Make sense of each strategy until you can explain what each student has done.
Andre
Testing to see if is a solution:
The inequality is false, so 4 is not a solution. If a number greater than 3 is not a solution, the solution must be less than 3, or .
Priya
In , there is on the left and on the right.
If is a negative number, could be positive or negative, but will always be positive.
For to be true, must include negative numbers or must be less than 3.
Here are four inequalities.
.
Work with a partner to decide on at least two inequalities to solve. Solve one inequality using Andre's strategy (by testing values on either side of the given solution), while your partner uses Priya's strategy (by reasoning about the parts of the inequality). Switch strategies for the other inequality.
3.4
Activity
Matching Inequalities and Solutions
Standards Alignment
Building On
Addressing
A-REI.3
Solve linear equations and inequalities in one variable, including equations with coefficients represented by letters.
Match each inequality to a graph that represents its solutions. Be prepared to explain or show your reasoning.
A
B
C
D
E
F
Student Lesson Summary
Writing and solving inequalities can help us make sense of the constraints in a situation and solve problems. Let's look at an example.
Clare would like to buy a video game system that costs $130 and to have some extra money for games. She has saved $48 so far and plans on saving $5 of her allowance each week. How many weeks, , will it be until she has enough money to buy the system and have some extra money remaining? To represent the constraints, we can write . Let’s reason about the solutions:
Because Clare has $48 already and needs to have at least $130 to afford the game system, she needs to save at least $82 more.
If she saves $5 each week, it will take at least weeks to reach $82.
is 16.4. Any time shorter than 16.4 weeks won't allow her to save enough.
Assuming she saves $5 at the end of each week (instead of saving smaller amounts throughout a week), it will be at least 17 weeks before she can afford the game system.
We can also solve by writing and solving a related equation to find the boundary value for , and then determine whether the solutions are less than or greater than that value.
Substituting 16.4 for in the original inequality gives a true statement. (When , we get .)
Substituting a value greater than 16.4 for also gives a true statement. (When , we get .)
Substituting a value less than 16.4 for gives a false statement. (When , we get .)
The solution set is therefore .
Sometimes the structure of an inequality can help us see whether the solutions are less than or greater than a boundary value. For example, to find the solutions to , we can solve the equation , which gives us . Then, instead of testing values on either side of 0, we could reason as follows about the inequality:
If is a positive value, then would be less than .
For to be greater than , must include negative values.
For the solutions to include negative values, they must be less than 0, so the solution set would be .
Glossary
None
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Create equations and inequalities in one variable including ones with absolute value and use them to solve problems. Include equations arising from linear and quadratic functions, and simple rational and exponential functions.
Represent constraints by equations or inequalities, and by systems of equations and/or inequalities, and interpret solutions as viable or nonviable options in a modeling context. For example, represent inequalities describing nutritional and cost constraints on combinations of different foods.
