A base is a specific face of a prism or pyramid.

A prism has 2 identical bases that are parallel. A pyramid has 1 base.

A prism or pyramid is named for the shape of its base.

A cone is a three-dimensional figure like a pyramid, but the 1 base is a circle.

A cross-section is the new face that is seen when a three-dimensional figure is sliced.

A rectangular pyramid is sliced parallel to the base. The cross-section is a smaller rectangle.

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A cylinder is a three-dimensional figure like a prism, but with 2 bases that are circles.

A dependent variable represents the output of a function.

For example, someone needs to buy 20 pieces of fruit and decides to buy apples and bananas. If they select the number of apples first, the equation shows the number of bananas they can buy. The number of bananas is the dependent variable because it depends on the number of apples.

A function is a rule that has exactly 1 output for each possible input.

An independent variable represents the input of a function.

For example, suppose someone needs to buy 20 pieces of fruit and decides to buy some apples and bananas. If they select the number of apples first, the equation shows the number of bananas they can buy. The number of apples is the independent variable because any number can be chosen for it.

A prism is a type of polyhedron with 2 bases that are identical and parallel. The bases are connected by parallelograms.

Here are some drawings of prisms.

A pyramid is a type of polyhedron that has 1 base. All the other faces are triangles that meet at a single vertex.

Here are some drawings of pyramids.

A sphere is a three-dimensional figure where any cross-section is a circle.

The surface area of a polyhedron is the number of square units that covers all of its faces with no gaps or overlaps.

For example, the 6 faces of a cube each have an area of 9 cm². So, the surface area of the cube is , or 54 cm².

Volume is the number of cubic units that fill a three-dimensional region with no gaps or overlaps.

This rectangular prism has 3 layers that are each 20 units³. So, the volume of the prism is 60 units³.